What is Glaucoma?
Glaucoma is an eye disease that can damage the optic nerve. This nerve sends images from your eye to your brain. Often, glaucoma happens when pressure builds up inside the eye. However, not everyone with glaucoma feels pain or notices changes early. Because of this, many people do not know they have it. In fact, glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Early detection is key, but the lack of pain makes it tricky to spot. That is why understanding glaucoma is so important.
Why Glaucoma is Called the “Silent Thief of Sight”
Many doctors call glaucoma the “silent thief of sight.” This is because it can slowly steal your vision without warning. Usually, there are no early signs. While other eye problems may cause pain or redness, glaucoma often does not. As a result, people may not seek help until much later. By then, vision loss may be permanent. Therefore, regular eye exams are very important, especially as you get older.
Common Symptoms and Why Pain is Rare
Most types of glaucoma do not cause pain. For example, open-angle glaucoma, the most common type, develops slowly. You may not notice any changes at first. However, as the disease gets worse, you might see:
But, because these symptoms appear slowly, many people ignore them. Only a rare type, called angle-closure glaucoma, can cause sudden pain, headache, or nausea. Still, most people with glaucoma feel no pain at all. This is why “no pain” does not mean “no risk.”
Risks and Consequences of Untreated Glaucoma
Without treatment, glaucoma can cause permanent vision loss. The damage usually starts at the edges of your vision. Over time, it can move inward. If left untreated, it may lead to total blindness. According to the World Health Organization, glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Some people are at higher risk, such as:
Because vision loss from glaucoma cannot be reversed, early diagnosis is vital.
How Glaucoma is Diagnosed
Doctors use several tests to check for glaucoma. First, they measure the pressure inside your eye. Next, they look at your optic nerve for signs of damage. They may also test your side vision and take pictures of your eye. These tests are quick and painless. Even if you have no symptoms, regular eye exams can catch glaucoma early. This is especially important if you have risk factors.
Treatment Options for Glaucoma
While there is no cure for glaucoma, treatment can help slow or stop vision loss. Common treatments include:
Your doctor will choose the best treatment for you. With regular care, many people keep their vision for years.
Prevention and Eye Health Tips
Although you cannot always prevent glaucoma, you can lower your risk. Here are some tips:
Early action can make a big difference. Even if you feel fine, regular check-ups are important.
Conclusion
In summary, glaucoma is a serious eye disease that often causes no pain. However, “no pain” does not mean “no risk.” Because symptoms are easy to miss, regular eye exams are the best way to protect your sight. If you have concerns about your eye health, consult an eye specialist for personalized advice.